A Brief History of United Nation Organization (UN)

A Brief History of United Nation Organization (UN)

Background of UN:

Q. How does UN came into being?

Lets have a glance  on WWI from where the conflict has been started.

Main Reason of world war I

An Austro – Hungarian heir was assassinated by some Serbian nationalists on June 28, 1914. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the name of the heir that was  assassinated. On July 28, 1914 exactlay a month later  Austria-Hungary take action against Serbia and thus WWi begins. They waited because Serbians has got the back of Russia And Austro-Hungary was backed by Germany.

World war I central powers :

1. Austro-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
2. Allied powers :

Great Britain, France, Russia Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan, US.

Allied power won WWI, more than 16 million peoples were killed in WWI. On November 11, 1918 Germany sign Armistice (end ) of war. On June 28, 1919, Exactly on the same date five year ago the Austro-Hungarian heir was assassinated and the allied power sign the treaty of Versailles at the Paris peace conference, officially marking the ending of war.

 Germany was not allowed to participate because they lose the war they had no any other option than from here  League of Nations started function. In 1920, January treaty of versillilles came into being.

League of Nations

 An organisation coined during world war WWI. Its activities started on 10 Jan 1920 when the treaty of versailles came into force.

 It last from 1920 – 1946. The UN and League of Nation has worked together for some time. unfortunately, but League of Nation was failed, because Japan has attacked on a territory, Italy has attacked for his explansion, but League of Nation has not take any strict action against them.

Germany in 1933 or 1935 leave league of Nation.

In 1939 world war II breakouts, According to treaty of Versailles alot of harsh term was imposed on Germany including

1. Territorial losses:- ( germen terriotery was also in supervision)

        – They have to give some of their territory to their neighbours.

2. Massive reparations payment for the war: Those countries who were affected by the war.
3. Sever military restrictions.
4. Acceptance of war guilt.

Eventually Treaty of Versailles was the reason of stopping WWI and also it was the reason for WWII

politically unstable and economically weak Germany was due to the Treaty of Versailles

Hittler:

 Hitler was a dictator and leader of Nazi party. In Jan 30 1933 he became P.M or chanceler of Germany. His vision was world domination and German superiority.

 In 1939 Germany Hittler has capture Poland and thus WWII begans.

 In 1945, 7th May Germany surrender to 4 four elite powers (France, Soviet Union, USA, Great Britain).

Almost 40Cr civilians  was killed in WWII.

And the reason for  ending of WWII was sucide of  hittler according to some sources.

Thus WWII started and ends and League of Nation failed to stopped it so in 1946 League of Nation ended. And thus Its function and assets were transferred to United Nation.

The name united nation was coined by U.S president Franklin D. Roosevelt.

About the logo of United nation

There is white colour in the back ground of the logo which is the sign of peace. Olive branches are there in blue colour which is itself the sign of peace.

 Formation of UN: (1945)

 it is an international intergovernmental Organization.

 During WW2 United nation organization came into being.

 Original members 51, current member 193.

South Sudan is the most current member of UN. Who has joined the UN  in 2011.

Its purpose was to maintain international peace and security.

To promote economic and social development.

To promote Human Rights.

Its Headquarter is  in New York.

4 pillars of UN

1. Peace and security
2. Human Rights
3. The Rule of law
4. Development

Language:-

In 1946, Chinese, French, English, Russian & Spanish were official language. But in 1973 Arabic were aloso  included in the official languages of UN . The only country ever to withdraw from the UN was Indonesia (1965) and indonesia has re-joined UN  in 1966 (a dispute over a non-permanent seat in Security Council country) which was awarded to Malaysia.

There are 19 chapters and 111 Articles in UN charter

First 10 articles of Uinted Nation

Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

Article 2

The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.

1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.
2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.
3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.
5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.

The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.

Article 3

The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.

Article 4

1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 5

A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.

Article 6

A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 7

1. There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat.
2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.

Article 8

The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.

Article 9

1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.
2. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.

Article 10

The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.

WRITTEN BY MUZAMIL AHMAD